Maven - Web 应用
此篇教程将教给你如何使用版本控制系统 Maven 来管理一个基于 web 的项目。这里,你将学到怎样创建、构建、部署已经运行一个 web 应用。
创建 Web 应用
要创建一个简单的 Java web 应用,我们将使用 maven-archetype-webapp 插件。那么,让我们打开命令控制台,去到 C:\MVN directory 目录,然后执行项目的 mvn 命令。d
C:\MVN>mvn archetype:generate
-DgroupId=com.companyname.automobile
-DartifactId=trucks
-DarchetypeArtifactId=maven-archetype-webapp
-DinteractiveMode=false
Maven 将开始处理,并且创建完整的基于 web 的 Java 应用项目的目录结构。
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO] Searching repository for plugin with prefix: 'archetype'.
[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Building Maven Default Project
[INFO] task-segment: [archetype:generate] (aggregator-style)
[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Preparing archetype:generate
[INFO] No goals needed for project - skipping
[INFO] [archetype:generate {execution: default-cli}]
[INFO] Generating project in Batch mode
[INFO] --------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Using following parameters for creating project
from Old (1.x) Archetype: maven-archetype-webapp:1.0
[INFO] --------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Parameter: groupId, Value: com.companyname.automobile
[INFO] Parameter: packageName, Value: com.companyname.automobile
[INFO] Parameter: package, Value: com.companyname.automobile
[INFO] Parameter: artifactId, Value: trucks
[INFO] Parameter: basedir, Value: C:\MVN
[INFO] Parameter: version, Value: 1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] project created from Old (1.x) Archetype in dir: C:\MVN\trucks
[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESSFUL
[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 16 seconds
[INFO] Finished at: Tue Jul 17 11:00:00 IST 2012
[INFO] Final Memory: 20M/89M
[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------
现在去到 C:/MVN 目录下, 你将看到一个创建好的名为 trucks (如 artifactId 指定的一样) 的 Java 应用项目。
Maven 使用一套标准的目录结构。借助上面的例子,我们可以理解下面几个关键概念:
文件夹结构 | 描述 |
---|---|
trucks | 包含 src 文件夹和 pom.xml 文件。 |
src/main/webapp | 包含 index.jsp 文件和 WEB-INF 文件夹. |
src/main/webapp/WEB-INF | 包含 web.xml 文件 |
src/main/resources | 包含图片、properties资源文件。 |
POM.xml 文件
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.companyname.automobile</groupId>
<artifactId>trucks</artifactId>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>trucks Maven Webapp</name>
<url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>3.8.1</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<finalName>trucks</finalName>
</build>
</project>
如你所见,Maven 也创建好了一个 JSP 样例源文件。
打开 C:\ > MVN > trucks > src > main > webapp > 文件夹,你将看到 index.jsp 文件。
<html>
<body>
<h2>Hello World!</h2>
</body>
</html>
构建 Web 应用
让我们打开命令控制台,去到 C:\MVN\trucks 目录,然后执行下面的 mvn 命令。
C:\MVN\trucks>mvn clean package
Maven 将开始构建项目。
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Building trucks Maven Webapp
[INFO] task-segment: [clean, package]
[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] [clean:clean {execution: default-clean}]
[INFO] [resources:resources {execution: default-resources}]
[WARNING] Using platform encoding (Cp1252 actually) to
copy filtered resources,i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] Copying 0 resource
[INFO] [compiler:compile {execution: default-compile}]
[INFO] No sources to compile
[INFO] [resources:testResources {execution: default-testResources}]
[WARNING] Using platform encoding (Cp1252 actually) to
copy filtered resources,i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory
C:\MVN\trucks\src\test\resources
[INFO] [compiler:testCompile {execution: default-testCompile}]
[INFO] No sources to compile
[INFO] [surefire:test {execution: default-test}]
[INFO] No tests to run.
[INFO] [war:war {execution: default-war}]
[INFO] Packaging webapp
[INFO] Assembling webapp[trucks] in [C:\MVN\trucks\target\trucks]
[INFO] Processing war project
[INFO] Copying webapp resources[C:\MVN\trucks\src\main\webapp]
[INFO] Webapp assembled in[77 msecs]
[INFO] Building war: C:\MVN\trucks\target\trucks.war
[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESSFUL
[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 3 seconds
[INFO] Finished at: Tue Jul 17 11:22:45 IST 2012
[INFO] Final Memory: 11M/85M
[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------
部署 Web 应用
现在复制 C:\ > MVN > trucks > target > 文件夹下创建好的 trucks.war 文件到你的 web 服务器的 web 应用目录,然后重启 web 服务器。
测试 Web 应用
访问下面的 URL 来运行 web 应用。 http://
验证结果。